Oscillatory redox behavior in oxides: Cyclic surface reconstruction and reactivity modulation via the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism

-induced loss of lattice oxygen at the surface and its delayed replenishment from the subsurface. This creates spatiotemporally separated redox steps at the oxide surface. The phenomena and atomistic insights presented here have significant implications for manipulating the surface reactivity of oxides by tuning the separation of these redox steps.