Thyroid hormone promotes lipid droplet remodeling and lipophagy through KAT2B/PCAF-dependent histone acetylation in preimplantation embryos

ART: assisted reproductive technology; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BSA: bovine serum albumin; BSCL2/SEIPIN: BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin; CARM1: coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1; COCs: cumulus-oocyte complexes; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; CPT2: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DGAT1: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; H3K9ac: histone H3 acetyl-Lys9; H3K27ac: histone H3 acetyl-Lys27; HCS: high-content screening; HDACs: histone deacetylases; IVC: in vitro culture; IVF: in vitro-fertilized embryos; IVM: in vitro maturation; IVO: in vivo embryos; KAT2A/GCN5: K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B; KAT2Bi (Ki): KAT2B inhibition; KD: knockdown; LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; LDs: lipid droplets; LIPE/HSL: lipase E, hormone sensitive type; MGLL: monoglyceride lipase; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MT-ND1: mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1; PA: parthenogenetically activated; PG: prostaglandin; PLA2G4A: phospholipase A2 group IVA; PLIN2: perilipin 2; PLIN3: perilipin 3; PLIN5: perilipin 5; PNPLA2/ATGL: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; PPARD/PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta; PPARs: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors; PRMT1: protein arginine methyltransferase 1; PTGS1: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol; RT: room temperature; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RXR: retinoid X receptor; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SLC25A20/CACT: solute carrier family 25 member 20; SLC27A4/FATP4: solute carrier family 27 member 4; SUV39H1: SUV39H1 histone lysine methyltransferase; T3: triiodothyronine; T4: thyroxine; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; THR: thyroid hormone receptor; THRA: thyroid hormone receptor alpha; THRA-i: thyroid hormone receptor antagonist; THRB: thyroid hormone receptor beta; THs: thyroid hormones; ZGA: zygotic genome activation.