Effects of ischemia-hypoperfusion on neuro-vascular units in dual transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease

Introduction:The study aimed to investigate the effects of ischemia on neuro-vascular units in transgenic mice, and to investigate the role of ischemia-hypoperfusion in the model of dual transgenic mice with dementia.Material and methods: In this study, the ischemic model was generated by operating a bilateral common carotid artery micro-embolism.Mice were divided into four groups, including group 1: C57BL sham surgery group (control), group 2: C57BL ischemic group, group 3: amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) group, and group 4: APP/PS1 ischemic group.Each group comprised 20 mice.Spatial behavior and memory ability of mice were detected by Morris water maze and jumping platform test.Mouse hippocampus was observed by HE staining and Congo red staining.Ultrastructure of each group of neuro-cyclic units was observed by electron microscopy.Various biochemical indicators were detected by ELISA.Western blot detected the amount of protein expression.qRT-PCR identified mRNA expression.Results: The results indicated that learning and memory functions of C57 ischemic mice were lower than those of control group.Positive expression area of APP in APP/PS1 ischemic group was higher than in APP/PS1 group.In APP/PS1 group and APP/PS1 ischemic group, the content of Aβ was significantly higher than in C57 ischemic group.Electron microscopic observation revealed that there were more mitochondrial vacuoles in hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice, and the structure was relatively intact.Mitochondrial vacuoles in hippocampus increased significantly, and vascular wall proliferated in APP/PS1 ischemic group.Compared with C57 control group, the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased significantly in C57 ischemic group.Conclusions: Ischemia deteriorates the learning and memory function of transgenic mice, aggravates the damage of neuro-vascular units, and impairs the blood-brain barrier transport of Aβ, leading to an increase in the concentration of Aβ cerebrospinal fluid, and further deterioration of neuro-vascular units.At the same time, ischemia is an effective stimulating factor in the release of VEGF.