Objective To investigate the change of IL-17 pre-hemodialysis and post-hemodialysis,and relationship between IL-17and hemodialysis,to find the differentiation direction of CD4+T cells post-hemodialysis.Methods Twenty five CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment more than 1/2 year were chosen in observation group,and 30healthy volunteers were chosen in control group.IL-17,BUN,phosphorus(P)changes were observe in pre-hemodialysis and post-hemodialysis.Results BUN,P,and IL-17 levels of observation group in pre-hemodialysis were significantly higher than those of control group(P0.05),IL-17levels of observation group in pre-hemodialysis were significantly higher than those of observation group in post-hemodialysis(P0.05).BUN,and P levels in pre-hemodialysis were significantly lower than those of observation group in post-hemodialysis(P0.01).Conclusion It suggests that IL-17 may involve in the abnormality of immunity and the pathology of microinflammation in MHD patients after hemodialysis.Uremic symptoms leads to high expression of IL-17.It may suggests that the main differentiation direction of CD4+T cells in post-hemodialysis is IL-17.