Progress of Research on Ionizing Radiation-induced Bystander Effects in vivo

Radiation-induced bystander effect is defined as the induction of damage in neighboring non-hit cells by signals released from directly-irradiated cells.ROS,NO and cytokines are involved in signaling pathways of bystander effects.Recently,the bystander effects in vivo have been reported more and more.It has been indicated that radiation induced bystander effect was localized not only in bystander tissues but also in distant organs.This effect includes many biological endpoints such as DNA damage,epigenetic,miRNA and gene expression changes,cell proliferation and apoptosis.In this review we described different aspects of ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects such as its characteristics,sex specific,signaling transfer,dose and LET dependence,and related mechanisms.