Due to the importance of the thyroid hormone in the brain development of fetus and the high prevalence of thyroid diseases in young women, more and more studies were focused on the field of thyroid-related medical issues before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Several practice guidelines were published by the related professional societies at home and abroad to provide some suggestions for the management of thyroid issues in this special period. The diagnosis and treatment of common thyroid diseases in pregnancy and the perinatal period are reviewed based on the latest version of the relevant guidelines and our clinical practice in China, which include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, postpartum thyroiditis.