This thesis is focused on using the care about children allowance. On one hand it explains the general definition of notions, which preceded the allowance. The thesis further solves the conditions of claiming the allowance, the duties of the applicant, the administration, control and the increase possibilities. On the other hand, it is focused on the specification of selected health afflictions. The high-quality research was affected on the basis of semi-structured interview with the parents of the children, which receive this allowance.