Processing and properties of ZrC, ZrN and ZrCN ceramics: a review

ZrC and ZrN ceramics are of interest in the application of materials in extreme high temperature environments, particularly for nuclear applications in generation IV reactors. These materials demonstrate desirable characteristics such as high thermal and electrical conductivities along with high hardness and melting temperatures. Data reported in the literature often suffer from scatter due to differences in processing techniques and difficulty determining stoichiometry, which will significantly affect thermophysical properties. This article reviews the current available data for the properties of ZrC, ZrN and mixed carbonitrides phases and identifies causes of scatter in the literature and areas requiring further research.