医学
高度(三角形)
心脏病学
右心
内科学
几何学
数学
作者
Peter Bärtsch,J. Simon R. Gibbs
出处
期刊:Circulation
[Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
日期:2007-11-06
卷期号:116 (19): 2191-2202
被引量:370
标识
DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.106.650796
摘要
T his review focuses on the effects of altitude exposure from 1 to several days or weeks as occurs in tourists, trekkers, and mountaineers who visit high altitude and normally reside near sea level.We briefly review the acute physiological adjustments and early acclimatization that occur in the cardiovascular system and the lungs of healthy individuals.These ensure life-sustaining oxygen delivery to the tissues despite a reduction in the partial pressure of inspired oxygen between 20% and 60% at 2500 and 8000 m, respectively.One of the acute adjustments, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), may be disadvantageous in those with a vigorous response and lead to 2 potentially lethal illnesses, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and subacute mountain sickness (SAMS), which we present in more detail.Finally, on the basis of knowledge about the acute physiological adjustments and acclimatization and, when available, a review of the literature, we discuss the highaltitude tolerance of patients with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, systemic hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension.
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