Dual-Phase MoS$_2$ And MXene Nanohybrids for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS$_2$) has been recognized as a potential substitution of Platinum (Pt) for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the broad adoption of MoS$_2$ is hindered by its limited number of active sites and relatively low inherent electrical conductivity. In this work, we demonstrated a synergistic enhancement of both active site exposure and electrical conductivity by a one-step solvothermal synthesis technique. The 1T-phase enriched MoS$_2$ was directly formed on the titanium carbide (Ti$_3$C$_2$Tx, MXene) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) acting as crosslinks. The existence of edge-enriched metallic phase MoS$_2$, the conductive backbone of MXene along with the crosslinking function of CNTs clearly improved the overall electrical conductivity of the catalyst. Moreover, the integration of two-dimensional (2D) MoS$_2$ with MXene effectively suppressed the MXene oxidation and 2D layer restacking, leading to good catalytic stability. As a result, an overpotential of 169 mV and a low Tafel slope of 51 mV/dec was successfully achieved. This work provides a new route for 2D-based electrocatalyst engineering and sheds light on the development of the next-generation PGM-free HER electrocatalysts.