谷氨酸棒杆菌
合成生物学
生物化学
代谢工程
新陈代谢
嘧啶代谢
微生物代谢
氨基酸
细菌
代谢途径
蛋白质生物合成
PEP群易位
氨基酸合成
生物
焊剂(冶金)
核糖体
碳通量
嘌呤代谢
生物合成
大肠杆菌
化学
酶
嘌呤
计算生物学
核糖核酸
赖氨酸
基因
生态学
生态系统
有机化学
遗传学
作者
Kazuyuki Shimizu,Yu Matsuoka
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107887
摘要
Living organisms such as bacteria are often exposed to continuous changes in the nutrient availability in nature. Therefore, bacteria must constantly monitor the environmental condition, and adjust the metabolism quickly adapting to the change in the growth condition. For this, bacteria must orchestrate (coordinate and integrate) the complex and dynamically changing information on the environmental condition. In particular, the central carbon metabolism (CCM), monomer synthesis, and macromolecular synthesis must be coordinately regulated for the efficient growth. It is a grand challenge in bioscience, biotechnology, and synthetic biology to understand how living organisms coordinate the metabolic regulation systems. Here, we consider the integrated sensing of carbon sources by the phosphotransferase system (PTS), and the feed-forward/feedback regulation systems incorporated in the CCM in relation to the pool sizes of flux-sensing metabolites and αketoacids. We also consider the metabolic regulation of amino acid biosynthesis (as well as purine and pyrimidine biosyntheses) paying attention to the feedback control systems consisting of (fast) enzyme level regulation with (slow) transcriptional regulation. The metabolic engineering for the efficient amino acid production by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum is also discussed (in relation to the regulation mechanisms). The amino acid synthesis is important for determining the rate of ribosome biosynthesis. Thus, the growth rate control (growth law) is further discussed on the relationship between (p)ppGpp level and the ribosomal protein synthesis.
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