Global hydrogen development - A technological and geopolitical overview

Hydrogen is an energy carrier that will certainly make an important and decisive contribution to the global energy transition and lead to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the coming decades. It is estimated that 60% of GHG emission reductions in the last phase of the energy transition could come from renewables, green hydrogen and electrification based on green energy development. Coordinated efforts by governments, industry and investors, as well as substantial investment in the energy sector, will be required to develop the hydrogen value chain on a global scale. This paper summarizes the technical and technological advances involved in the production, purification, compression, transportation and use of hydrogen. We also describe the roadmaps and strategies that have been developed in recent years in different countries for large-scale hydrogen production.