Management of United Airway Disease Focused on Patients With Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review

Background The clinical approach to upper and lower respiratory diseases from a joint perspective, known as united airways disease (UAD), is challenging for health care professionals owing to a paucity of specific studies. Objective This study reviews recent scientific evidence on the management of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) from a UAD perspective. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for 9 research questions, and studies published from January 2015 to July 2021 were included. Quality assessment was performed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results In total, 32 publications met the inclusion criteria. Control of type 2 inflammation in UAD (reported in 9 studies) was associated with biologic therapies, for which an impact on asthma, CRSwNP, and/or aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–exacerbated respiratory disease outcomes was described in 9 studies. However, there was a lack of scientific evidence on clinical and/or biochemical markers associated with response to biologics in patients with UAD. The benefit on corticosteroid reduction in patients receiving biologics was reported in 9 studies. Three publications reported a positive impact of surgery on asthma and/or CRSwNP outcomes, and the effect of biologics on reducing the need of surgery was consistent across 6 studies. Conclusions Our results underscore an overall scarcity of scientific evidence on the treatment strategies for these frequent coexisting entities from an UAD approach but also identify several research gaps and unmet needs that should be addressed to ensure optimal diagnosis, management, and follow-up of these patients. The clinical approach to upper and lower respiratory diseases from a joint perspective, known as united airways disease (UAD), is challenging for health care professionals owing to a paucity of specific studies. This study reviews recent scientific evidence on the management of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) from a UAD perspective. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for 9 research questions, and studies published from January 2015 to July 2021 were included. Quality assessment was performed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. In total, 32 publications met the inclusion criteria. Control of type 2 inflammation in UAD (reported in 9 studies) was associated with biologic therapies, for which an impact on asthma, CRSwNP, and/or aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–exacerbated respiratory disease outcomes was described in 9 studies. However, there was a lack of scientific evidence on clinical and/or biochemical markers associated with response to biologics in patients with UAD. The benefit on corticosteroid reduction in patients receiving biologics was reported in 9 studies. Three publications reported a positive impact of surgery on asthma and/or CRSwNP outcomes, and the effect of biologics on reducing the need of surgery was consistent across 6 studies. Our results underscore an overall scarcity of scientific evidence on the treatment strategies for these frequent coexisting entities from an UAD approach but also identify several research gaps and unmet needs that should be addressed to ensure optimal diagnosis, management, and follow-up of these patients.