Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) — Study Review

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic’s disease) is a rare autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), mainly affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. For a very long time it was considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). In 2004 antibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) were discovered. AQP4 is a water channel which plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NMO. Typical NMO is characterized by optic neuritis (ON) with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Recommended therapeutic options for acute attacks of NMO include high doses of corticosteroids and/or plasma exchange. In long-term treatment a lot of immuno-suppressants are used. In recent years there has been an increased range of treatment options, which may prevent relapses and allow a better outcome. In NMO, as for MS, the role of the nurse is very important. (JNNN 2021;10(2):82–85)