Greenhouse Gas Reduction in Off-Season Cucumber Production by Improving Energy Efficiency: A Case Study from Punjab, Pakistan

There exists a decrease in fertile lands due to rapid increases in population, urbanization, and industrial areas, which highlights the importance of efficient utilization of scare resources -especially in the production of food.Food security is a primary concern in developing countries [1].Vegetables are inevitably part of the agricultural sector and these are useful for nutritional-level maintenance and resistance against diseases [2-3].Unemployment, poverty, and malnutrition are major problems faced by developing countries, and the vegetable sector has the ability to tackle these problems in the shortest time period [4].Another problem faced by the world is global warming.There is an increase in the temperature of the earth as