Efficient Methods of Utilizing Multi-SBAS Corrections in Multi-GNSS Positioning

Various combining methods have been proposed to utilize multi-satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) correction to provide accurate position in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. However, the proposed methods have not been objectively compared and analyzed, making it difficult to know which ones are effective for multi-GNSS positioning. This paper presents efficient methods of combining multi-SBAS corrections in multi-GNSS positioning by comparing three methods: correction domain integration, measurement domain integration, and position domain integration. The performance of the three methods were analyzed through a covariance analysis that was expanded to multi-GNSS and multi-SBAS. Then, the results were verified by experiments using real measurements and corrections. Furthermore, implementation issues, such as computational complexity, availability, and flexibility, are analyzed. As a result, three methods had the same precision, but different complexity, availability, and flexibility. These results will be important guidelines to design, implement, and analyze navigation systems based on multi-GNSS with multi-SBAS corrections.