Effect of welding sequence on stress and deformation field of Invar alloy multi-layer and multi-pass welding: A simulation study

The welding sequence has an important influence on the formation of stress and deformation in multi-layer and multi-pass welding (MLMPW). In this paper, a 3D finite element model of Invar alloy welding that can calculate the welding stress and deformation has been established using MSC. Marc. The simulation results show that there is high residual tensile stress in the welding zone. For six-layer twelve-pass welding, the welding sequence has little effect on maximum stress value. Meantime, welding deformation is mainly distributed far from the weld metal area and is mainly affected by welding sequence under similar other welding conditions. It is found that the deformation angle of welding sequence D is the smallest, with a value of [Formula: see text].