Storage-related changes in erythrocyte band 3: not a case for the Diego blood group antigens.

Removal of erythrocytes from the circulation is mediated by the immune system. Changes in structure and function of band 3, a major membrane protein of the erythrocyte, trigger the binding of antibodies to a band 3-derived neoantigen, senescent cell antigen, on erythrocytes aged in vivo. This mechanism probably is also involved in determining the survival of erythrocytes after transfusion. Band 3 is the carrier of the Diego blood group system, and subtle changes in the three-dimensional conformation of the same extracellular loops of band 3 determine Diego blood group activity as well as senescent cell antigen activity. Therefore we used the Diego blood group system to probe these changes with a combination of serological and immunochemical methods. Our data indicate that changes in band 3 structure during storage under blood bank conditions, as shown by immunoblot analysis, are not detectable as changes in expression of Diego antigens in intact cells. This makes it unlikely that immunological removal of erythrocytes after transfusion is mediated by reactions involving the Diego blood group system.