Novel approaches to aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Challenges, strategies, and prospects

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) represent a forefront technology for grid-scale energy storage, distinguished by inherent safety, economic viability, and ecological compatibility. Nevertheless, prevailing AZIBs research remains tethered to conventional methods, thereby hindering both mechanism elucidation and real-world interdisciplinary application. In this review, we commence by critically examining recent advancements in methodological innovations pertaining to the optimization of cathode, anode, and electrolyte in AZIBs. Subsequently, we elucidate pioneering applications of AZIBs in emerging domains, with particular emphasis on their enormous potential in biomedical technologies. To conclude, we unveil contemporary challenges, propose evidence-based strategies, and delineate future directions to establish robust theoretical cornerstones and practical roadmaps for the commercial scalability of AZIBs. By integrating foundational science with cross-disciplinary research achievements, this review aims to substantially advance fundamental comprehension of AZIBs while accelerating their multidisciplinary progress across diverse technological frontiers.