Expression of serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF in patients with colon cancer and the value of prognostic assessment

Objective: To investigate the expression of serum high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), amyloid A (SAA), and tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF) in patients with colon cancer (CRC) and the value of prognostic assessment. Methods: Sixty cases of CRC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected and set as the CRC group; 60 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients admitted during the same period were set as the IBD group, and 60 cases of those who were admitted to the hospital for health experience during the same period were set as the control group. The serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels of each group were detected to analyze their expression in CRC patients and their relationship with prognosis, compare the serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels of each group, and compare the serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels of patients with CRC with different clinical features. After 8 to 36 months of follow-up, CRC patients were grouped according to their prognosis (good prognosis group and poor prognosis group), and serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were compared between the two groups. The predictive value of serum HMGB1, SAA, TSGF and their combined assays on the prognosis of CRC patients was analyzed using the subject's work characteristic curve (ROC). Results: Serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the IBD group ( P < 0.05), and serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were significantly higher in the IBD group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). Serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the patients with TNM staging III than in the patients with TNM staging I-II ( P < 0.05). Serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were significantly higher in patients with low differentiation than in patients with middle and high differentiation ( P < 0.05), serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were significantly higher in patients with low differentiation than in patients with intermediate and high differentiation ( P < 0.05), and serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels were significantly higher in those who developed lymph node metastasis than in patients with intermediate and high differentiation ( P < 0.05). Serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF levels in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those of patients in the good prognosis group ( P < 0.05). The ROC curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF for predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC were 0.790, 0.774, 0.733, respectively, and that the combined assay predicted the prognosis of patients with CRC with an AUC of 0903, which was higher than that of the test alone ( Z = 2.536, 2.420, 2.218, P = 0.013, 0.020, 0.031). Conclusion: Serum HMGB1, SAA, and TSGF expression was significantly higher in colon cancer patients than in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy populations, and was associated with TNM stage, degree of differentiation, and the presence of lymph node metastasis.