Lignin-derived carbon quantum dots: Advancing renewable nanomaterials for energy and photocatalysis

A review of lignin sources, methods for preparing carbon quantum dots using lignin as a carbon source, their key properties, and applications in energy and photocatalysis . Carbon quantum dots are a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials with broad applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, solar cells, and photocatalysis due to their unique biocompatibility, optical properties and easy functionalization. In the meantime, because of its high carbon content, renewable nature, and environmental friendliness, lignin has drawn the attention of researchers as a desirable raw material for creating carbon quantum dots . Here we review the synthesis of carbon quantum dots from lignin, focusing on synthetic methods, properties, and applications in energy, and photocatalysis . Later, we propose some new development prospects from preparation methods, luminescence mechanism research, application, and commercial cost of lignin carbon quantum dots. Finally, based on this, the development prospects of this field are prospected and summarized.