Designing a web-based application for computer-aided diagnosis of intraosseous jaw lesions and assessment of its diagnostic accuracy

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to design a web-based application for computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) of intraosseous jaw lesions, and assess its diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods In this diagnostic test study, a web-based application was designed for CADx of 19 types of intraosseous jaw lesions. To assess its diagnostic accuracy, clinical and radiographic information of 95 cases with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of intraosseous jaw lesions was retrieved from hospital archives and published literature and imported to the application by a senior dental student. The top-N accuracy, kappa value, and Brier score were calculated, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were calculated separately for each lesion according to DeLong et al. were calculated separately for each lesion according to DeLong et al. Results In assessment of top-N accuracy, the designed application gave a correct differential diagnosis in 93 cases (97.89%); the correct diagnosis was at the top of the list of differential diagnoses in 78 cases (82.10%); these values were 85 (89.47%) and 67 (70.52%) for an oral radiologist. The kappa value was 0.53. The Brayer score for the prevalence match was 0.18, and the pattern match was 0.15. Conclusion The results highlighted the optimally high diagnostic accuracy of the designed application, indicating that it may be reliably used for CADx of intraosseous jaw lesions, if given accurate data.