电解质
材料科学
阳极
石墨
碳酸乙烯酯
溶剂化
溶剂
化学工程
离子液体
离子电导率
无机化学
有机化学
电极
物理化学
复合材料
化学
催化作用
工程类
作者
Yue Yin,Tianle Zheng,Jiawei Chen,Peng Yu,Fang Zhong,MO Yi-min,Congxiao Wang,Yonggang Wang,Yongyao Xia,Xiaoli Dong
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202215151
摘要
Abstract Ethylene carbonate (EC) is taken as the essential electrolyte component in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high permittivity and film‐forming ability. However, its high melting point (36.4 °C) and strong solvation energy severely hinder Li + transportation and Li + desolvation process under low temperatures, resulting in capacity loss and even Li plating on graphite anode. Herein, a five‐membered heterocyclic compound isoxazole (IZ), similar to EC molecule, is well‐formulated to substitute EC for low‐temperature operation of graphite anode. It is revealed that IZ with dispersed charge distribution exhibits a weaker solvation ability than EC with highly polar carbonyl group, which induces relatively more anions into the solvation sheath to form contact ion pairs and aggregates. The tamed electrolyte not only exhibits high ionic conductivities over wide‐temperature range but also generates an inorganic‐rich interphase with low activation barrier for smooth Li + ions threading. This enables graphite anode with an impressive reversible capacity of 263 mAh g ‐1 at the low temperature of −30 °C (a room‐temperature retention of as high as 71.5%), nearly twice higher than graphite with EC‐based electrolyte. This study provides an alternative electrolyte recipe to relieve the anxiety of LIBs operated under harsh conditions.
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