Respiratory management in the premature neonate

Introduction Advances in neonatal care have made possible the increased survival of extremely preterm infants. Even though there is widespread recognition of the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation on the developing lung, its use has become imperative in the management of micro-/nano-preemies. There is an increased emphasis on the use of less-invasive approaches such as minimally invasive surfactant therapy and non-invasive ventilation that have been proven to result in improved outcomes.