Carboxylation with CO2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an ideal source of carbon because it is inexpensive, non-toxic, and abundant. In general, the development of carbon–carbon bond forming reactions is not easy because CO2 is thermodynamically and kinetically stable. However, recent progress in the strategies used for CO2 fixation utilizing transition metals is very useful for catalytic carboxylation toward the synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives. In this chapter, the recent progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed carboxylation of CO2 is reviewed, including the carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, organometallic reagents, and organic halides, as well as carboxylation via carbon–hydrogen bond activation.