Technological limitations and recent developments in a solid oxide electrolyzer cell: A review

A solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) is a promising clean energy technology due to with high conversion efficiency and the ability to directly produce syngas. This paper summarizes technical challenges of SOEC in terms of dynamic response, co-electrolysis and material degradation, and recent developments on the manufacturing technology, materials for each component, mathematical models, flow channel designs and reversible solid oxide fuel cells (RSOFCs). The model development and related research on SOECs are explored in this paper, encompassing sensitivity analyses, dynamic responses, structural degradation and practical applications. This paper aims to promote the future development of SOECs, including the improvement of electrolysis efficiency, lifetime and economic performance.