Thermal performance and structural optimization of a hybrid thermal management system based on MHPA/PCM/liquid cooling for lithium-ion battery

It is crucial to propose an efficient hybrid Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) and a multi-objective optimization method with high-accuracy and low computational load due to many factors greatly influence the performance and energy density (ED) of hybrid BTMS. In this paper, a novel hybrid BTMS combined with phase change material (PCM), micro heat pipe array, and liquid cooling is proposed, whose cooling performance is verified experimentally. Then, the effects of the main structural parameters of BTMS on cooling performance and ED were numerically analyzed with the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Finally, a multi-objective optimization with Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is introduced to optimize ED and cooling performance. The experimental result shows that the temperature difference of the hybrid module is maintained within a safe range reducing from 6.9 °C to 3.9 °C, and the maximum temperature is reduced by 13.78% from 46.0 °C to 39.8 °C during 2C discharging progress compared with the module only PCM cooling. The optimization outcomes predict that the optimized BTMS's ED can rise 11.23% to 157.8 Wh/kg with only a slight variation in cooling performance in comparison to the original module.