Electrode-level strategies for high-Ni cathodes in high-energy-density batteries beyond material design

Global electrification has been realized through lithium-ion battery system by extending its application into large-scale devices and energy storage systems. Besides, economic regulations, such as those related to climate change and carbon neutralization, have accelerated the dissemination of battery chemistry for substitution of fossil fuels. As the battery application is widely expanded into large-scale system, additional requirements such as high-energy-density and long-term cycle stability have emerged, leading to the exploration of advanced battery materials and systems beyond conventional configuration. Thus, high-Ni cathode has attracted attention owing to higher specific capacity and unexpected issues arising from structural imperfection have been recently addressed through structural carving of materials. However, to deeply investigate battery systems using high-Ni cathodes, the perspective should be extended beyond the material to the electrode level. In this paper, emerging issues and systematic strategies for the advanced high-Ni cathode at the electrode level are reviewed to provide insight into compatible electrode/material design and highlight practical development toward high-energy-density batteries.