Coaxial Electrospun MXene/GO@PAN Nanofibers for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Thermal Insulation

The emergence of 5G/6G wireless communication, aerospace, and sophisticated electronics devices has rendered electromagnetic interference (EMI) a serious challenge to device reliability and signal integrity. This intensifying issue demands a lightweight, flexible, and absorption-dominated shielding material. In this study, we employed coaxial electrospinning to fabricate MXene/graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile core–shell nanofibers. This fabricated core–shell design features a conductive MXene-rich core encapsulated in a graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile shell, which enhances tensile strength, electrical conduction, dipole polarization, impedance matching, interfacial polarization, and internal reflections, thereby improving electromagnetic wave attenuation. The optimized core–shell nanofiber with a graphene oxide-to-MXene mass ratio of 1:2 exhibited a shielding effectiveness of 68.86 dB (99.99995% electromagnetic wave attenuation), an electrical conductivity of 150.0 S·cm–1, and a specific shielding effectiveness of 14,085 dB·cm2·g–1. In addition to blocking electromagnetic interference, the MXene/graphene oxide@polyacrylonitrile core–shell nanofibers exhibit improved ability to facilitate efficient heat dissipation and prevent localized overheating. This multifunctional core–shell nanofiber design offers a flexible, scalable route to developing next-generation materials for EMI shielding, infrared stealth, and thermal management, with potential applications in the electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries.