Progress in the Design and Clinical Application of Probes for Fluorescence-Guided Laparoscopic Surgery

Fluorescence-guided laparoscopic surgery has emerged as a transformative technology in minimally invasive surgery, fundamentally enhancing visualization and precision by providing real-time, high-contrast molecular information beyond traditional anatomical views. This paradigm shift is driven by synergistic innovations in two key areas: the rational design of target-specific fluorescent probes with improved optical properties and biorecognition capabilities, and significant advancements in imaging systems, including seamless hardware integration, multimodal data fusion, and AI-assisted image analysis. This comprehensive review critically summarizes the latest progress across this interdisciplinary spectrum, detailing breakthroughs in probe molecule engineering, technological evolution of imaging platforms, and expanding clinical applications in both oncologic and nononcologic fields. By synthesizing these developments and analyzing current challenges, this article outlines the trajectory of the field and underscores the integrated efforts required to translate optical precision into surgical outcomes and personalized patient care.