Glucose-responsive hydrogel loaded with Ruthenium-doped Prussian Blue Nanozymes for the treatment of diabetic infected wounds

Impaired chronic wound healing is a severe complication of diabetes. Current therapies are largely passive and cannot dynamically respond to the complex wound microenvironment characterised by hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and infection. This study designed a glucose-responsive injectable hydrogel (Gel-PBA/HADA-MA, GHM) incorporating Ruthenium-doped Prussian Blue Nanozymes (Ru-PB) for intelligent diabetic wound repair. In vitro, the hydrogel achieves intelligent drug release and self-healing via dynamic boronate ester bonds, modulates inflammation, promotes cell migration and induces angiogenesis. It also generates photothermal effects under near-infrared irradiation to synergistically eradicate bacteria and disrupt biofilms. In vivo, this system accelerates wound closure, alleviates the inflammatory microenvironment by reducing IL-1β and TNF-α, increasing IL-10 and TGF-β and promotes angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, evidenced by enhanced CD31 and α-SMA and upregulated Vegfa. Collectively, this intelligent hydrogel offers a novel strategy integrating dynamic responsiveness, multi-enzyme catalysis and photothermal antibacterial activity for chronic diabetic wound management.