21.17 Synthesis of Amides (Including Peptides) in Continuous-Flow Reactors

Abstract Microreactors are powerful tools which present excellent mass- and heat-transfer performance properties for various kinds of chemical reaction. In this chapter, we present a brief introduction to microreactors, followed by an overview of the different microfluidic methods available for the synthesis of amides (including peptides). The range of peptides obtained via microreactor use includes di- to pentapeptides and also some cyclic analogues. Other continuous-flow reactions involving amide-bond formation are also illustrated, including examples of carbonylation, dendrimer preparation, and drug synthesis. The noteworthy features of these microfluidic reactions include shorter reaction times, high yields, and significantly less wastage. They are thus a step toward environmentally friendly, green reactions.