Antiprotozoal activity of dehydrozaluzanin C, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Munnozia maronii (asteraceae)

Abstract The petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Munnozia maronii was found to inhibit in vitro the growth of promastigote forms of Leishmania and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi with an IC 90 of 25 μg/mL. Activity‐guided fractionation of the extract by chromatography identified the sesquiterpene lactone 1 of the guaiane series. The complete structure of 1 was elucidated using 1 H and 13 C NMR experiments at high field. The isolated compound was shown to be a new natural guaianolid, dehydrozaluzanin C, previously known as synthetic oxidative derivative of zaluzanin C (Romo de Vivar et al. , 1967). This compound inhibited, in vitro , the growth of 12 strains of Leishmania and 15 strains of T. cruzi at concentrations between 50 and 2.5 μg/mL. The leishmanicidal activity of dehydrozaluzanin C was tested on BALB/ c mice infected with amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis . Dehydrozaluzanin C reduced the severity of L. amazonesis lesions in BALB/ c mice but was less active than the reference compound Glucantime.