Study on Terahertz Conductivity Sensing Based on Laser-Induced Diamond Carbonization

This paper proposes a method for precise in-situ monitoring of laser-induced diamond graphitization using terahertz technology, achieved through the construction of a terahertz sensor based on metasurface array structures. The method enables high-sensitivity, non-contact terahertz sensing of the electrical conductivity of the graphite layer on the diamond surface. Leveraging the tunable nature of graphite conductivity with laser energy density, combined with CST electromagnetic simulations and localized field enhancement effects, the study establishes the quantitative correlation of structural parameters with terahertz responses. This demonstrates a highly sensitive mechanism in which spectral variations of the resonance frequency exhibit pronounced dependence on the physical properties of graphite. Furthermore, the technology provides a precise and non-destructive solution for monitoring material degradation in nuclear reactors, with significant potential for practical applications.