Lubricant-Infused Three-Dimensional Frame Composed of a Micro/Nanospinous Ball Cluster Structure with Salient Durability and Superior Fog Harvesting Capacity

Due to the limitation of the special wettability surface in the water collection field, the smooth surface injected by the lubricant has attracted wide attention. In this study, a simple two-step electrochemical reaction was used to successfully design a micro/nanospinous ball cluster structure on the surface of a frame. Subsequently, after low-surface-energy treatment and lubricant immersion, a lubricant-infused three-dimensional frame is prepared. The three-dimensional grid system of the frame and the micro/nanospinous ball cluster structure on the surface exert synergistic capillary force, which helps to maintain a stable lubricant-infused smooth surface. This interface system, which exhibits superior water collection efficiency, can achieve efficient droplet capture, coagulation, and removal. The prepared lubricant-infused frame also has remarkable corrosion resistance and anti-icing performance. After high-shear rate rotation and long-term storage, it still maintains a stable and smooth surface. The reported lubricant-infused three-dimensional frame has great potential in water condensation, droplet transport, and phase-to-heat transition.