[Investigation of hearing loss and speech recognition ability of the elderly and analysis of its high risk factors].

Objective: To investigate the hearing loss and speech disorders in the elderly, to analyze the risk factors of the elderly deafness, as well as to provide reference for the clinical research of the elderly deafness. Methods: From March 2016 to March 2018, 913 elderly people, who were tested for hearing and speech disorders, were examined by a unified questionnaire to investigate the demographic data of the subjects and the related factors of deafness, and the hearing and speech recognition tests were carried out. According to the hearing loss, the hearing impaired group was divided into the hearing impaired group (500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz, the average hearing threshold>25 dBHL) and the non hearing impaired group (the average hearing threshold of the four frequencies ≤25 dBHL), and then the single factor analysis and the unconditional Logistic regression analysis were used. Finally, the risk factors of senile deafness were analyzed. Results: Of the 913 elderly subjects in the survey, 389 (42.61%, 389/913) had no hearing impaired, 345 (37.79%, 345/913) were mild hearing impaired, and 149 (16.32%, 149/913) had moderate hearing loss. Twenty-six patients were severe hearing loss (2.85%, 26/913); 4 patients had severe hearing loss (0.44%, 4/913). Among the 524 hearing-impaired elderly, there were 244 speech-recognition disorders (46.56%, 244/524), of whom 106 were mild hearing-impaired, accounting for 30.72% (106/345), 108 were moderate hearing loss, accounting for 72.48% (108/149), 26 were severe hearing loss, accounting for 100% (26/26), and 4 were the profound hearing loss, accounting for 100% (4/4). Statistical analysis showed that the age, job status, history of hypertension, history of hyperglycemia, and smoking history were independent risk factors for senile hearing loss (P<0.05). Conclusions: High incidences of hearing and speech recognition obstacle are found in health examination for the elderly patients. Noise exposure, age, history of hypertension, high blood sugar, and smoking history are high-risk factors for senile deafness, therefore, prevention and rehabilitation programs are urgent to be developed.目的： 对老年体检者听力损失及言语识别能力情况进行调查，并分析老年听力损失的高危影响因素。 方法： 以2016年3月至2018年3月期间于空军特色医学中心行听力测试及言语识别能力检查的913名老年体检者为研究对象，其中男445名，女468名，年龄60~91岁。采用统一调查量表调查体检对象的人口学资料和耳聋相关因素，并进行听力测试和言语识别测试。按受检者听力受损情况分为听力受损组（500、1 000、2 000、4 000 Hz 4个频率的平均听阈值>25 dBHL）和无听力受损组（平均听阈值≤25 dBHL），然后采用单因素分析法和非条件Logistic回归分析法分析老年听力损失的高危影响因素。 结果： 本次调查的913名老年受检者中无听力受损者389名（42.61%，389/913），轻度听力受损者345名（37.79%，345/913），中度听力受损者149名（16.32%，149/913），重度听力受损者26名（2.85%，26/913）；极重度听力受损者4名（0.44%，4/913）。524名听力受损老年人中，有噪音下言语识别障碍者共244名（46.56%，244/524），其中轻度听力受损者中106名，占比30.72%（106/345），中度听力受损者中108名，占比72.48%（108/149），重度听力受损者中26名，占比100%（26/26），极重度听力受损者中4名，占比100%（4/4）。经统计学分析，年龄、噪声暴露史、高血压史、高血糖史、吸烟史均是老年性听力损失的独立危险因素（P值均<0.05）。 结论： 老年体检者听力损失及言语识别障碍发生率较高，年龄、噪声暴露、高血压史、高血糖史、吸烟史是老年性听力损失的高危影响因素，迫切需要制定和执行科学的防治和康复规划。.