Dual Mg-Reinforced PCL Membrane with a Janus Structure for Vascularized Bone Regeneration and Bacterial Elimination

. An in vivo experiment using the rat skull defect model (Φ = 5 mm) confirmed that the Mg-MgO/PCL membrane significantly improved new bone formation postsurgery. Collectively, our investigation provides valuable insights into the design of multifunctional membranes for clinical oral GBR application.