Hollow metal-organic frameworks and derivatives

Hollow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and derivatives as multifunctional platforms have provided great opportunities for efficient energy storage and conversion systems. The integrated advantages, including highly adjustable compositions and structures, increased accessibility to active sites, and fast mass/charge transport, enable MOFs and derivatives as diverse electrode materials. Herein, we present a comprehensive summary of hollow MOFs and derivatives with an emphasis on design principles, synthetic strategies, and applications in electrocatalysis and batteries. Of note, the structure-activity relationship has also been clarified in detail. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of hollow MOFs and derivatives in energy-related fields are further discussed.