Optimization of a spiral photon sieve for vortex array generation using the hill climbing algorithm

The generation of vortex arrays holds significant potential for applications in multi-channel fiber optics communication and optical micromanipulation due to their unique properties. These applications necessitate vortex array generation devices that are structurally simple and cost-effective. In this study, a composite spiral photon sieve (CSPS) is proposed, leveraging the traditional spiral photon sieve as the foundational structure and integrating the hill-climbing algorithm (HCA) for design optimization. The resulting diffractive optical element effectively generates 2×1 or 2×2 Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex arrays on the observation plane. The design's reliability is validated through both simulations and experimental results, demonstrating a uniform intensity distribution across the vortex arrays and a tunable topological charge to accommodate specific application needs. This work underscores the potential of intelligent optimization algorithms in advancing the design and refinement of complex optical elements.