Enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides through the phosphorus–vanadium coating of single-crystalline particles

(87.7% retention) after 100 cycles at 1C, while the pristine material only displayed 72.2% retention under identical conditions. Furthermore, the average discharge midpoint voltage decay of pristine LNCMO (2.4 mV per cycle) decreased to 1.9 mV per cycle. These results provide insights into the future application of lithium-rich manganese-based materials.