Coupling doped halogen sites in copper(i)–organic frameworks with cuprous oxide for high selectivity CO2 photoreduction with H2O

Copper( i )–organic frameworks (CuX–bpy) loaded on Cu 2 O enable efficient CO 2 photoreduction to formate, leveraging halogens (X = Cl, Br, I) and rapid electron transfer, achieving 1520 μmol g −1 in 12 hours without sacrificial agents or photosensitizers.