PRIMARY POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), natural menopause is defined as at least 12 months of amenorrhoea that are not brought on by pathological or physiological factors. According to statistics, the average age for natural menopause is fifty-one in developed countries. At the same time, it is 48 years in developing and underdeveloped countries.1. The majority of women will live longer compared to onethird of their adult lives after going through the menopausal transition, with an average lifespan of 70 years. In addition, as the ageing population grows faster than ever, the percentage of menopausal women is increasing. As a result, menopausal women's health has gained international attention. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the cause of primary ovarian failure, which leads to the natural physiological phenomenon known as menopause. As we age, our ovarian function decreases. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels rise along with a decrease in oestradiol production when menopause begins (FSH). Women will go through several uncomfortable symptoms through their menstrual period, including dyspareunia, atrophy of the vagina and dryness, mood swings, hot flashes, and night sweats. In addition to these, bone loss is the most common condition affecting women going through menopause and is closely linked to a lower quality of life; in this review, we focus on osteoporosis that occurs after menopause