A Review of Development in the Research of Self-Absorption on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been successfully applied to various fields since its inception in the late twenty century.However, there are still challenges to enhance its performance in analytical experiments.These challenges include three major challenges: matrix effect, spectral interference, and self-absorption effect.This review specifically focuses on investigating the self-absorption effect, which disrupts the linear relationship between spectral line intensity and element concentration, thus affecting the accuracy and sensitivity of LIBS analysis.The review explores different approaches to evaluate the extent of self-absorption, considering the evolutionary mechanism of this effect.Additionally, various methods for correcting spectra have been proposed, showing potential in significantly reducing self-absorption.Notably, the review emphasizes proactive measures to create non-self-absorbed conditions as the most effective approach to mitigate the self-absorption effect.Finally, the review presents a schematic description of exploiting self-absorption and highlights its promising prospects for future applications of LIBS.However, the LIBS technique faces several critical challenges due to the complex of the spatial-temporal evolution of plasma.These challenges include matrix effects, 25 spectral interference, 26- 28 and self-absorption 29 which hinders the further development and application of this technology.Compared to traditional elemental A c c e p t e d