Advancing Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells From Lab to Fab

Currently, flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 26% at the laboratory scale. Recently, roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication has emerged as a highly promising solution for the low-cost, large-scale production of FPSCs. However, transitioning from laboratory research to industrial production remains an urgent and critical challenge. This review systematically analyzes various fabrication techniques for FPSCs. Special emphasis is then placed on R2R-compatible processes for perovskite layer deposition, as well as other functional layers, including electron transport layers, hole transport layers, and electrodes. Finally, a forward-looking perspective is presented on the commercialization of FPSCs, highlighting the current limitations of R2R manufacturing and proposing feasible strategies to overcome technical bottlenecks, thereby accelerating the industrialization of high-efficiency FPSCs.