Real‐world data show sustained therapeutic effects of dupilumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) over 3 years

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses, posing a significant socio‐economic impact with substantial challenges in management. Biologics targeting type 2 inflammation such as dupilumab, have emerged as promising options. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by comprehensively evaluating the 3‐year impact of sustained dupilumab therapy in CRSwNP. Methods A multicentric, retrospective collection of real‐world data from five tertiary referral centers in Germany was conducted, enrolling 150 adult patients. The study investigated patient‐reported outcomes, disease‐specific indices and clinical measures, focusing on therapeutic response persistence, adverse events, and factors influencing treatment continuity. Results Results indicate significant improvements in clinical parameters from baseline ( n = 150) with sustained effectiveness after 36 months ( n = 138) as indicated in mean score ± standard deviation. Dupilumab treatment significantly improved overall disease‐related impairment (VAS score: 7.5 ± 2.5 to 1.6 ± 1.3) and rhinosinusitis symptoms (SNOT‐22: 59.4 ± 19.4 to 18.0 ± 15.0). Nasal Polyp Scores (NPS) decreased (5.3 ± 1.8 to 0.7 ± 1.1), and olfactory function improved (3.2 ± 2.5 to 8.4 ± 2.8), with three out of four patients achieving normosmia or hyposmia after 36 months. An “Excellent” treatment response according to EUFOREA23 criteria was observed in 76.5% of patients after 36 months. Sixteen patients discontinued Dupilumab, 12 permanently. Adverse events totaled 69 in 48 patients, commonly self‐limiting. Conclusion The study highlights the enduring effectiveness and lack of habituation to dupilumab after a sustained therapy of 3 years, providing valuable insights into its long‐term therapeutic implications for CRSwNP patients.