In Situ Oxidative Ring-Opening of Calix[8]arene to Construct Stable Bismuth-Oxo Clusters with Exposed Catalytic Sites for Specific Electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH

Nanocluster catalysts typically face challenges in balancing stability with catalytic efficiency. This study introduces a unique bismuth-oxo cluster, solely protected by two ring-opened calixarenes, which demonstrates not only enhanced structural stability but also superior catalytic performance in the sustained conversion of CO