Recent Advances in Gas Detection Methodologies with a Special Focus on Environmental Sensing and Health Monitoring Applications─A Critical Review

With the expansion of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the use of gas sensors in the field of wearable technology, smart devices, and smart homes has increased manifold. These gas sensors have two key applications─one is the detection of gases present in the environment and the other is the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are found in the breath. In this review, we focus systematically on the advancements in the field of various spectroscopic methods such as mass spectrometry-based analysis and point-of-care approach to detect VOCs and gases for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis. Additionally, we highlight the development of smart sensors that work on the principle of electrochemical detection and provide examples of the same through an extensive literature review. At the end of this review, we highlight various challenges and future perspectives.