Zn-doped Mn₃O₄ with lattice distortion as flexible cathode for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor

One of the major challenges in developing aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) is maintaining high performance with a high loading of cathode materials . In the present work, Zn-doped Mn₃O₄ (Zn-Mn₃O₄) nanoparticles with lattice distortion were successfully synthesized on flexible carbon cloth with a high loading up to 11 mg cm⁻² through electrodeposition . The as-prepared aqueous ZHSC with the cathode of Zn-Mn 3 O 4 presented a superior areal capacitance of 3135.3 mF cm⁻² at 2 mA cm⁻² and good stability with 75.35 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the engineered quasi-solid-state ZHSC using Zn-Mn 3 O 4 -0.5 demonstrated high mechanical flexibility and excellent capacity retention across different bending angles, thereby making them attractive candidates for the next generation of flexible wearable devices. Schematic illustration of the formation process of Zn-Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 3 O 4 • A one-step electrodeposition synthesized Zn-Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles . • The electrode has a high Zn-Mn 3 O 4 loading of ~11 mg cm⁻² with excellent flexibility and stability. • The ZHSC exhibits a high areal capacitance of 3135.3 mF cm⁻² at 2 mA cm⁻².