The Role of Genes and Skin Microbiome in the Development of Seborrheic Dermatitis

The purpose of the study was to identify specific links between genotypic and phenotypic changes in the body that can lead to inflammatory skin diseases and dysbiosis. Materials and methods. Medline / PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases were searched and research studies related to inflammatory skin diseases: immunity, genetics, epigenetics, epidermal barrier, skin microbiome, etc. were analyzed. The results of microbiome studies based on cultivation methods were excluded from the study. Results and discussion. Inflammatory skin diseases often lead to physical or psychological disorders, but the cause of these diseases is still unclear. Pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases includes heredity, environmental impact, immunity changes, epidermal barrier dysfunction, mental disorders, infections, and more. A better understanding of the role of microbiome, genetic abnormalities and phenotypic changes may help to predict the occurrence of seborrheic dermatitis in humans. The human microbiome is directly involved in the formation of host immunity. In particular, skin residents maintain the stability of the skin barrier, regulate inflammation and the immune response. Mutualistic symbioses provide homeostasis of the human-host relationship and the microbiome. However, under the influence of the external environment, genetic and physiological changes, the balance of the microbial community and man is disturbed, which can negatively regulate the condition of the host and cause disease. Most symbiotic skin microbiota coexists peacefully with the host and become pathogenic only under certain conditions. The transition from symbiosis to pathogenicity is a complex process, because the skin is well resistant to aggressive factors. Potential attackers must induce gene expression to enable adhesion, invasion, and avoidance of the immune response. The skin microbiome induces inflammation and skin healing. Also it may change its qualitative and quantitative composition to adapt to existing inflammatory conditions. Conclusion. Microorganisms grown under conditions of homeostasis perfectly interact with the human-host in a healthy symbiotic relationship. Under conditions of impaired immune system response, abnormal gene expression or dysfunction of the skin barrier microbiome residents use a variety of defense mechanisms to survive, that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Understanding the species composition of the microbiome, its dynamic changes and effects on human skin makes it possible to predict the possible occurrence of seborrheic dermatitis, control inflammation and prevent exacerbations