Identification of the donor-substitution effect of tetraphenylethylene AIEgen: Synthesis, photophysical property analysis, and bioimaging applications

Various aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) derivatives based on TPE (tetraphenylethylene) containing the electron-donating moiety (–NMe 2 , –OMe) and bromine (–Br) moiety were prepared, which are key intermediates for tuning the emission wavelength of TPE; Type 1: dimethylamine (NMe 2 )-substituted derivatives, Type 2: methoxy (OMe)-substituted derivatives, Type 3: bromine (Br)-substituted derivatives, and Type 4: mixed formulation derivatives. We systematically analyzed the synthesis, AIE properties, photophysical properties, and biological applicability of 16 types of TPE-based AIEgen. We expect that our investigation, especially the donor-substitution effect of TPE, could serve as a guide to developing a new TPE-based AIEgen series as well as fluorescent probes . • Donor-substitution effect of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) AIEgens was systematically identified. • Synthesis and photophysical property of 16 derivatives of TPE was disclosed. • CLSM imaging of cells using the TPE derivatives was demonstrated.